UI Design Interview Questions and Answers for 2023 Web Development

This is one of the most frequently asked UI Design interview questions and answers for freshers.

A perfect and complete UI comes with different elements or components. 

• Input controls- are the interactive elements allowing users to input information, such as checkboxes, text boxes, text fields, drop downs, and others. 
• Navigational elements- such elements allow the user to navigate through the interface, whether mobile or desktop. These are important for completing a specific task. Some commonly used components are- search fields, sliders, menus, and others. 
• Informational components- such components help communicate important information to the end user. For example, message box, notification, and progress bar. 
• Containers- these components help group the related content into individual and meaningful groups. We can place several elements within a container, for example- the accordion menu. 

UI design aims to check how these elements will look together and how we can arrange them to offer the end users an exceptional look and feel. UI design covers- 

• Interactivity- lets us check how the interface and all elements behave and function together. For example, if a user clicks on the button, it must perform the desired action only. 
• Visual design- defines how the interface will look, considering factors like color, font, icon design, and space. We can also use various plugins to improve the design of any website or app. 
• Information architecture- allows us to organize and label the content within the user interface. 

It is necessary that we design the user interface properly to provide an excellent user experience. 

User experience is beyond the user interface. The user experience refers to the holistic journey of the user that they experience while accessing or using any product. It considers how the user interacts with the product or app and how it provides value, ensuring a smooth task completion process.

User experience is calculated from the user’s perspective, which means how a user feels while working on any app. For example, how easily they can look for specific products on any app, how smooth is the payment process, how the app functionality is working, how fast the app is, and others.

A UI designer is responsible for various things, especially how an interface looks and is visible to the end users. This process comes with several tasks that are important to understand. A few of them are - 

• Gathering and evaluating requirements from users who collaborate with managers and engineers. 
• Explore innovative design ideas leveraging next-gen technologies, such as storyboards, process flows, and sitemaps. 
• Should be able to design graphic user interfaces elements, like menus, tabs, and widgets 
• Have a better understanding of building page navigation buttons and search fields 
• Know how to develop UI mockups and prototypes to explain how sites function and look. 
• Create original graphic designs. 
• Work on rough drafts to explain the work to the internal teams and key stakeholders. 
• Able to identify and troubleshoot UX problems (e.g., responsiveness). 
• Ability to conduct layout adjustments based on user feedback. 

Below are the most critical job-specific UI design skills- 

• They must know about wireframing and prototyping. 
• Must have basic knowledge of fundamental design principles, like typography and color theory. 
• Must work with market-standard tools like Sketch, Adobe XD, Figma, and others. 
• Knows how to deal with the proper implementation of UX concepts. 
• Knows how to interact with design principles. 
• You must know about information architecture. 

This question will help you to envision your thought process and understand your design ability. This question will allow you to showcase your approach to a foundational design task while displaying your conceptual knowledge in a hands-on scenario. Designing a seamless layout will present information allowing users to achieve their goals. 

To design a practical layout, we must understand which key parameters to consider, such as information hierarchy, the size and type of device to access the product, and how users will interact with the app. Apart from this, we need to consider default layouts to reduce friction. A design checklist helps in optimizing the layout by attaining attention. Some important parameters are- 

Typography- it improves the app’s readability. For this, we can consider- height, uppercase tracking, font style, font weight, text contrast, and others. 

Spacing and margins help clarify the relationship between UI elements and prevent the content from overwhelming the page. 

Imagery and color- a decent yet attractive look is key to every business’s success as it drives most of the traffic and helps recognize the brand. 

UI elements- it is essential that what UI elements we use on the page are device responsive, can display well on every screen size and orientation, and interact well as expected. 

Expect to come across these important UI designer interview questions for freshers question in your next interviews.

Any business struggling to create a strong presence must leverage the power of UI/UX to attract potential customers. UI/UX is a core part of any website or application design process. If we enhance this aspect, we will see an instant surge in traffic, and the business will move towards achieving its goals.

So to retain potential customers and improve profits, we must use UI/UX, as it will bring many benefits to the business.

Brand loyalty- implementing innovative and advanced UI/UX design can help to satisfy customers and create a solid relationship between them. Once the customers feel comfortable, they will become loyal to the business.

Consistency- maintaining the consistency of the brand is essential. As UI designers, we must come up with new innovative ideas that can help bring more customers with great ease.

Customer satisfaction- a great UI/UX design help satisfy potential customers that keep them engaging with easily navigable content and apps.

Below are several benefits that will influence you to hire a great UI/UX designer for your business. 

• Customer retainment- when we curate the UI design well, it will retain the customers for a longer time. The business will experience a low bounce rate and improved brand royalty. One famous example is Facebook which has leveraged the power of UI to increase its users. 
• An exceptional UI/UX design helps in boosting brand identity and credibility. Not only this, it helps businesses to build strong and long relationships with customers. 
• An interactive and seamless UI design will also attract new customers to businesses more likely to convert if they land on the product page. 
• Businesses can raise ROI by creating a smooth workflow for customers if a website or app has an intuitive UI/UX design. They will enjoy seamless experiences working on pertinent matters without any performance issues. 
• A good UI/UX design will encourage customers to return to the site for more experiences and improves app time. Additionally, the UI/UX of landing pages significantly boost the website's conversion rates, reflecting the website's first impression. 
• With structured UI/UI design, the website will be SEO-optimized, improve its ranking, and gain more visitors' attention. 
• If the UI of an app or website is simple yet attractive, it will also support the website's speed by loading it faster and reducing the load time.

A must-know for anyone looking to prepare for UI Design advanced interview questions, this is one of the frequent questions asked of content managers.

Design thinking is finding the potential issues that need to be resolved first. It requires us to understand the end users and how they think, bring new ideas to the table iteratively, make assumptions, and redefine the original problem. 

The main concern of design thinking is to find a possible alternative solution. Below are the different stages of design thinking- empathize, define, ideate, prototype, and evaluate. 

• Empathize: allows us to empathically understand the problem by experts observing people’s experiences to empathize with them fully. 
• Define: includes combining the gathered information and analyzing it to define the main problem. 
• Ideate: it marks the evolution of new ideas while keeping the user’s needs in mind. 
• Prototype: where the design team comes up with scaled-down versions of the product to check if the solutions work. 
• Test: the team tests the product and the features with the best possible solutions identified in the previous stage. 

This is one of the most frequently asked UI Design interview questions and answers for freshers.

Before moving to the design part, UX designers must research to find solutions to real-world problems. It includes gathering valuable insights from real users to understand their potential problems and how we can solve them by designing and developing the right solution. 

Incorporating UX research throughout the design process helps businesses make more accurate, informed, unbiased decisions and validate design ideas. You can conduct quantitative and qualittative research. 

Quantitative research is primarily exploratory research and is used to quantify the problem by way of generating numerical data or data that can be transformed into usable statistics, such as online surveys, paper surveys, mobile surveys and kiosk surveys, longitudinal studies, website interceptors, online polls, and systematic observations. 

Qualitative user research is a direct assessment of behavior based on observation, such as contextual observation, ethnographic studies, interviews, field studies, and moderated usability tests. 

Here are some practical ways to conduct the most common UX research. 

• User personas: a semi-fictional representation of potential and targeted users. It helps the UX designers create possible solutions keeping a specific target user in mind for better results. 
• User interviews are easy to gather helpful user data, discover why they are facing a specific issue, and understand how we can develop a particular UX design to meet their needs. 
• Focus groups: a moderated discussion with a specific group to gather insights, such as their attitudes, beliefs, needs, and perceptions about a new product the business will launch. 
• Surveys: include a set of questions sent explicitly to a targeted group to understand their attitudes and preferences. 

During the UI design process, research must be the first step to ensure that the UI is created by keeping the user’s expectations in mind. 

The UI design process starts after the UX part has been defined; UI designers must collaborate closely with UX designers and product managers to work on the gathered user research results. It will help to know the target audience and design the project. 

UI designers must also identify other vital parameters, such as color palettes, structure, fonts, and other visual components that would improve the design and help customers to navigate smoothly. The best way to gather insights is to do competitor benchmarking, which will help us to learn what UI components they have used and how they work better than others.

Below are the minimum skills that a UI/UX designer must have. 

• Must be able to make edits to the page using different tools like InVision, Adobe Photoshop, Adobe Illustrator, Sketch, and others 
• Detailed knowledge of common coding languages like HTML, XML, JavaScript, and others 
• well-skilled in using wireframe tasks and tools 
• Have an understanding of design trends and tools 
• Able to create low fidelity, medium and high fidelity prototype

Below are the minimum skills that a UI/UX developer must have. 

• Detailed knowledge of programming languages like JavaScript, HTML, CSS, and others. 
• Well-skilled in application languages such as Ruby, PHP, Java, XHTML, Dot Net, Ajax, and others. 
• Must know how to work around tools like Flash, Photoshop, and Adobe Illustrator. 
• Basic knowledge of Restful APIs of social networking websites. 
• Experience with CMS like WordPress, Magento, Joomla, WooCommerce, and others. 
• Well, aware of basic concepts of SEO. 

UI and UX designers might have the same philosophy, but their practical application is very different in the marketplace. The primary points that make both UX and UI different are as follow. 

• UX is concerned with the product’s purpose and functionality, while UI deals with the quality of the interaction between the end user and the product. 
• UI design has an artistic component as it considers if the design and interface of the product are as expected by the customers. While in contrast, the UX is a significant component of market research that allows communicating with clients to understand their needs. 
• UX deals with project management and analysis leveraging the design thinking process that includes ideation, development, and delivery. UI is related to the technical component to generate the design components for the finished product.

Prototyping is the process where the design teams develop new ideas, experiment with them, bring those concepts to life, and convert them into digital designs. A prototype is an early sample of a design allowing potential users to interact with it before the final product is developed and launched. As per the design thinking process, the prototyping process is followed by usability testing.

One of the best things about prototypes is that they are created without a single line of code using prototyping tools, allowing designers to link together artboards and create an interactive, clickable model without actual coding, with less investment cost. It is a smart way to test prototypes with users and stakeholders to understand their reactions and make changes without developing the whole app. We can use prototyping at various stages of the design process, helping validate ideas at any stage.

Depending on the method and technique, there could be different types of prototyping, such as low, medium, and high fidelity. Here, fidelity refers to the level of detail and functionality of the created prototype. 

• Low-fidelity prototypes- also known as paper prototypes, are the quickest way to create prototypes with the least effort required. They represent a simple, incomplete product version but are efficient in testing high-level concepts before making the actual investment in developing the app.  While creating this prototype, we can gather feedback and test concepts early in the design process. Also, making changes to this type of prototype is more accessible than jumping into digital wireframes. 
• Medium-fidelity prototypes- are the next level of prototyping, also known as wireframes, that are created in greyscale. Such design contains only the user flows and information architecture without including the branding elements, photos, and logos. 

It significantly focuses on the fundamental aspects of the design without being distracted by colors, photo placement, and logos. Using this prototype, the designer tests the core usability of the product before including other elements of the product. 

• High-fidelity prototypes- It allows the team to invest time in rendering the design in high fidelity. The designer starts including all the branding, photos, copy, colors, and animations to provide the final app-like design for testing. It is always essential to test high-fidelity prototypes before the actual development phase. 

A common and most important UI Design question for interview, don't miss this one.

After gathering all the meaningful insights about the potential customer and understanding what they expect from the product, we can seamlessly curate a prototyping process. 

• Select the features to test on users. It is impossible to test all product features in a single session effectively. Therefore, pinpoint the key features so we can test them in the later session. 
• Next, create a prototype for the website to test the selected key features and flows. Creating a prototype to test all features requires time and effort, which can be unnecessary. Instead, create a prototype highlighting the key features to test. 
• The next step is to present the design to users and stakeholders. Analyze their interaction with the product to see their behavior and experience. It helps in finding the usability issues in the current design. 
• After the testing session, analyze feedback into critical takeaways and update the designs as per their reactions and feedback. 
• Repeat the process until the customers get what they are looking for. It might take several iterations to reach the perfect solution. 

Below are the significant benefits- 

• These are easy and fast to create and are essential for brainstorming various ideas and concepts. 
• Making changes to them is super easy. 
• These are cheaper options in terms of effort, investment, and resources required. 
• It is considered a great team-building exercise, resulting in increased involvement and ownership. 
• It allows team members to share their ideas while creating prototypes. 

Below are the significant benefits- 

• As these prototypes are more accurate, they provide realistic experiences to the users. It will help in getting more accurate feedback. 
• It allows for faster iteration than adjusting a high-fidelity product. 
• It provides a great way to test an idea before investing much in development. 

Below are the significant benefits- 

• These actual product prototypes provide near-real customer experience and impact feedback. 
• It provides a fantastic way to test your final product before entering the development phase. 
• It improves team collaboration with developers, giving them a clearer idea of how the product should behave. 

For creating an impactive prototype website, we must use the right tool for better results and an easy prototype design process. Some commonly used tools are- 

• Figma 
• InVision Studio 
• Adobe XD 
• Webflow 
• Axure RP 
• Origami Studio 
• Justinmind 
• Sketch 
• Fluid UI 
• And more. 

To help streamline and speed up the prototype creation workflow, we can use the following tips and tricks. 

• We must use the master components for fast-tracking the prototype connections. 
• Use components for scrolling content. 
• For simulating the delays, we can use the time delays and overlays. 
• We can use the observation mode. 
• We must focus on user scenarios. 
• We must have the right set of users for testing. 
• Must use the right tool for prototyping. 

Universal design is a set of recommendations specifically created to ensure that a product or service works for every type of customer with varying physical and mental abilities. A design is considered “universal” when anyone can use a product without any other adaptation or modification. 

Universal design benefits users and businesses, resulting in higher user accessibility and satisfaction and better user retention. 

For example- curb cuts. 

Universal design tells us that if we create products that are a pleasure to use for people with all kinds of disabilities, we will improve the experience of those who don’t. Not every assistive technology or design accommodation we add will “breakthrough” to the larger, non-disabled community like curb cuts. 

As it seems like a simple idea, it is generally misunderstood by many. The top three misconceptions are- 

• Universal design and accessible design are the same thing. But there is a difference. Accessible design allows users with disabilities to properly access a product or service that is just a component of universal design. 
• The universal design focuses only on functionality. 
• Universal design is a nice add-on to a design approach. it is not a guideline but a set of principles that anyone can integrate into the process from the beginning to ensure that everyone on a team shares the same universal design philosophy.

Below are some magazines. 

• UX Magazine 
• UXer Talks 
• Smashing Magazine 
• Awwwards 
• Design Shack

This, along with other interview questions on UI Design, is a regular feature in UI Design interviews, be ready to tackle it with an approach mentioned below. As you are facing a UI designer interview, you must be able to speak with confidence and explain your portfolio. If you have not worked on many projects, it doesn’t matter, you only have to keep your portfolio updated. 

Make sure to be prepared for some heavy skilled questions, like what was your design process for a specific process. They just try to understand your way of working, your approach to the designing phase, why you made that decision, how you testedeach component, validate your answers with facts and numbers. Also, make sure to reflect on your positive approach of doing work. 

If the interviewer is happy about how you have prepared everything, your chances of getting selected will improve. 

This is an important part for every UI designer to know about UX (user experience). As per the design thinking approach, that says “build the right thing, and build the thing right.” it means we have to make sure that the product we are creating is needed by the end users or customers. Then we must ensure that we design it in such a way that people like it. 

For the first part, we must research about the market, test our product among real customers, gather analytics, understand their behavior, needs, and then start with the design process. Without understanding the user experience, we cannot have a basic design in mind that can fit to potential customer’s expectations. 

It is always recommended to design the product around what the users want and need. 

Three stages of design are- 

1. Research — Analyze what your users want (“build the right product”). 
2. Design — refers to build the product right. 
3. User Testing — Confirm your results with real users to understand what to change. 

There are several benefits of conducting usability testing. 

• It will help us to get the actual feedback direct from the target audience to make the required changes. 
• It will help us solve internal debates by testing different issues to see how users react to the different opinions. 
• It helps us in highlighting the potential issues and problems before the launch of the product. 
• it increases the likelihood of usage and repeat usage. 
• iIt helps in minimizing the risk of the product failing.

Tere could be several challenges that a team of designers may face. 

• Lack of time to complete the project. For that they must have an effective strategy, efficient tools, and others. 
• Lack of target audience knowledge. So do research to find out what customers want and what competitors have to offer. 
• Lack of understanding of customers expect from our product, means what are their pain points and how can we solve them. 
• Less user feedback, not enough to conduct testing and analyze the results. 
• The complexity of product, so customer needs help to understand. 

What they really mean to ask here- Are you a passionate learner? 

Interviewers look for a couple of things when they ask you this type of question. First, they want to know if we are genuinely interested in the industry. Second, they want to know that you are aware of the latest trends and understand how to implement them. Third, they want to know if we are eager to learn and improve. 

There’s no right or wrong answer here. 

You could discuss a design book you have gone through recently and start discussing what’s new and explain your perspective. Also, point out what you have learned. You could also talk about any UX podcast you listen to, or a trend you about design blog. How could you follow that trend and contribute to this company’s success? 

Below are the different tools that are available. 

• Android Software Development Kit (SDK) and Virtual Device Manager: helps generate and handle the Android Virtual Devices (AVD) and SDKs. The emulator in the AVD allows us to specify the supported SDK version, storage in the SD card, screen resolution, and other abilities such as GPS and touch screen. 
• The Android Emulator refers to the actual implementation of the Android Virtual Machine, which is specially designed to run different processes within a virtual device that anyone can use on a development computer. It is generally used in testing and debugging Android applications. 
• Android Debug Bridge (ADB): is a command-line debugging application with the SDK. It enables developers to communicate with the device and performs mentioned actions, such as installing and debugging an application. 
• Android Asset Packaging Tool (AAPT): builds the ‘.apk’ distributable Android package file. 

One of the most frequently posed UI Design scenario based interview questions, be ready for this conceptual question.

Android architecture is the different layers available in the Android stack. These layers include operating systems, middleware, and applications. Each layer provides different services to the layer that falls above it. 

There are five layers in the Android stack. 

• Linux Kernel: is the base of the Android platform, powering different Android features, such as memory and power management, and various drivers. It acts as an abstraction layer for other layers. 
• Platform Libraries: native C and C++ libraries provide immense graphics and media support and a WebKit library. These libraries help the developers implement graphic functionality and display web content, among other things. 
• Android Runtime: Android Runtime (ART) is among the most significant parts of the architecture. It serves one of the key features, like optimized garbage collection. 
• Android applications: this is the app that we install, download, and run on your phone, and it is the top level of architecture. 
• Application Framework: it includes classes that are used in creating an application. They provide the building blocks useful for building apps and significant services such as a resource manager, notification manager, and activity manager. 

Different languages are used to build Android UI. 

• Java: It has been used by most developers who work with Android development. Eclipse, NetBeans, and IntelliJ IDE are the most popular IDE’s (Integrated Development Environments) for developing an Android application using java. 
• Kotlin: is a relatively new, safe, object-oriented, cross-platform programming language that is highly considered after Java for developing an Android application. IDEs used are Android studio, Eclipse IDE, etc. 
• C#: to develop native iOS and Android mobile applications. Visual Studio is the best tool developers can use to build an Android application. 
• Python: is a dynamic and object-oriented programming language. Pydroid 3, Dcoder, spck code editor is some of the code editors for Python. 
• Other languages useful for Android development are C++ and HTML 5. 

In Android, activities are referred to as the windows or doorway to the user interface. It could display the output or ask for the input to perform other actions. The lifecycle of any activity is as follows. 

• OnCreate(): it will create the view and gather the data from bundles. 
• OnStart(): this method is called once the user can see the activity on the screen, followed by another function, onResume(), if the activity reaches the foreground and onStop() if the activity changes into hidden. 
• OnResume(): this function is called when the activity starts interacting with the user. 
• OnPause(): this function is called when the activity goes background but is still active. 
• OnStop(): this function is called when the activity is hidden from the user. 
• OnDestroy(): it is called when the activity is completed to destroy it. 
• OnRestart(): it is called to start the stopped activity again. 

An emulator is an interface that provides an actual mobile-like interface where developers can test, run, and deploy Android apps before even launching them on the actual platforms. It helps the developers save their development and testing time without developing the app. 

It makes the process of debugging simple through emulators. Emulators provide a safe platform to test the app functionality, its working, and the flow throughout the different pages in their early phases and the later stage before the production environment. 

Some commonly used examples are- 

• LDPlayer 
• BlueStacks 
• Android Studio 
• Remix OS Player 
• Nox Player 
• MEmu 
• Ko Player 
• Genymotion 
• ARChon 
• Bliss 
• AMIDuOS 
• AndY 
• Droid4X 
• PrimeOS 
• Phoenix OS

An Activitycreator is considered an early step toward the Android project creation. It contains the shell script used by developers to create a new file system for writing codes within the Android system. But now It is replaced with "Create New Project" in Android SDK.

In Android, an Android Runtime (ART) is an application used by the Android operating system as a runtime environment. But today, this has successfully replaced Dalvik, a discontinued Virtual Machine (VM). ART translates the application's bytecode into native codes quickly processed by the device’s runtime environment.

When we create an app and generate its APK, part of that APK is .dex files containing the app's source code, including all libraries used in low-level code designed for a software interpreter — the bytecode. When a user runs the app, the bytecode written in .dex files is converted to machine code by Android Runtime, a set directly understood by the machine and processed by the CPU. 

Android Runtime is also responsible for managing memory and garbage collection.

When the UI thread of an Android app is blocked for a long time. It will trigger an "Application Not Responding" (ANR) error. If the app is in the foreground, the system will display a dialog to the user, as shown below. From this ANR dialog, the user can forcefully quit the app.

The app's main thread, responsible for updating the UI, can't process user input events or draw. 

There could be many reasons for this error to occur, such as. 

• Input dispatching timed out: If the app has not responded to a specific input event within 5 seconds. 
• Executing service: If a service started by the app cannot finish executing Service.onCreate() andService.onStartCommand()/Service.onBind() within a few seconds. 
• Service.startForeground() not called: If the app uses Context.startForegroundService() to start a new service in the foreground but does not call startForeground() within 5 seconds. 
• Broadcast of intent: If a BroadcastReceiver is not finished executing within a set time. 

A staple in UI Designer interview questions for experienced, be prepared to answer this one using your hands-on experience.

We must look for the following patterns while diagnosing the ANR (Application not responding) issue. 

• The app is performing operations slowly that are involved in I/O on the main thread. 
• The app takes a long time to calculate the main thread. 
• The main thread is making a synchronous binder call to another process, and another process is taking time to return. 
• The main thread is blocked waiting for a synchronized block on another thread. 
• The main thread is deadlocked with another thread.

Different types of dialog boxes supported by Android are- 

• AlertDialog: supports 0-3 buttons that allow us to select items, such as radio buttons and checkboxes. 
• DatePickerDialog: allow us to select a date. 
• TimePickerDIalog: allows the users to select the time. 
• ProgressDialog: display a progress bar and is an extension of the AlertDialog. 

Android frameworks combine APIs to make the development process more accessible. Developers can create apps quickly because APIs provide tools like intents, text fields, and more. It is a software tool kit that allows developers to create a basic structure of an application in no time. 

Some commonly used Android frameworks are- 

• Ionic Framework 
• Flutter Framework 
• Corona Software Development Kit 
• Framework7 
• React Native Frameworks 
• jQuery Mobile Framework 
• Xamarin Android Framework 
• NativeScript Android Framework

Android-based devices offer a wide range of built-in sensors, which measure specific parameters, such as motion, orientation, and more. These sensors help monitor the device's positioning and movement accurately. The three categories of sensors in Android devices are- 

• Position Sensor: measures the physical position of the Android device, that includes orientation sensors and magnetometers 
• Motion Sensors: include gravity, rotational activity, and acceleration sensors for measuring the rotation of the device or the acceleration. 
• Environmental Sensor: measures factors such as temperature, pressure, humidity, and other environmental factors. 

Emulators are interfaces that perform tasks comparable to that of real Android devices for affordable testing. But we cannot perform testing of each aspect of an app. Some of the testing is done after the app development, such as. 

• Messaging 
• Bluetooth 
• Mounting and unmounting the memory card 
• Validation of battery scenarios 
• Memory related issues 
• Validation of the performance 

The context in Android refers to the current state of your application or object. The context comes with services such as accessing databases and preferences, resolving resources, and much more. 

Android has two types of context: 

• Activity Context: is attached to the lifecycle of an activity. It is used when we pass the context in the scope of activity or if we need the context whose lifecycle is attached to the current context. 
• Application Context: is attached to the lifecycle of an application. We can use the application context where we need a context whose lifecycle is separate from the current context. 

We can simply use the Android Device Manager (ADM) to find memory leaks in Android applications. When we open ADM in Android Studio, we can see some parameters, such as heap size and memory analysis, along with many others while you run an application.

The Memory Profiler is a component in the Android Profiler that helps you identify memory leaks and memory churn that can lead to stutter, freezes, and even app crashes. It shows a realtime graph of your app's memory use and lets you capture a heap dump, force garbage collections, and track memory allocations.

Source

A staple in UI Designer interview questions for experienced, be prepared to answer this one using your hands-on experience.

We can run the following diagnosis to fix the application crash. 

• Free Memory: due to limited space available on mobile devices, we can free up memory space for an application to function correctly. 
• Compatibility Check: It might not be a hardware problem but a software issue. It is challenging to test an application for all devices and Operating Systems, so check the compatibility on the application’s Google Play Store page. 
• Memory Management: Some applications run perfectly on one mobile device but do not function on others. This is where we must consider other factors, such as processing power, memory management, and CPU speed come into play. Look at the application memory requirements if the application crashes constantly. 
• App Data Usage: we can delete the application’s data to clear cache memory which will boost the app’s performance 
• Exception and error handling- simple issues like loss of internet connection or false value inputs cause the app to crash or act out leaving you with no other solution than rebooting your system and start from the beginning. It is better that you send notification to fix the error. 
• Network issues- when developers use strong infrastructure to create the app, it will raise the app requirements to above standard. Some apps are built to use large amounts of bandwidth, which users can’t afford. For users, the best solution to avoid crashes or dysfunctional app is to keep the bandwidth free. 

DDMS stands for the Dalvik Debug Monitor Server (DDMS), a debugging tool in Android Studio. It offers a wide range of debugging features, such as: 

• Port forwarding 
• Location data spoofing 
• Screen capture 
• Logcat 
• Radio state information 
• Thread and Heap information 

The DDMS tool is now deprecated, and Android suggests that users use Android Profiler instead. 

Below is the significant difference between them. 

• Explicit Intent: is where we inform the system about which activity component it should use for generating a response to this intent. 
• Implicit Intent: allows us to declare the action we want to perform, after which the Android system will check which components are available to handle that specific action. 

The AndroidManifest.xml file includes the required information about the application, which will be provided to the Android system. This data may include the package name, components such as activity, services, content providers, and more. This file executes the following tasks: 

• Giving a unique name to the Java package 
• Describing components of the application, such as activity, services, and more. It also defines the classes which will implement these components. 
• Declare the Android API which will be used by the application 
• Stores the library file details linked to the application 

Below is the structure of the AndroidManifest.xml file- 

<manifest ... > 
    <application ... > 
        <activity android:name="com.example.myapp.MainActivity" ... > 
        </activity> 
    </application> 
</manifest> 

By this question, the interviewer means- are you a team player?

Any interviewer would like to understand your nature of working and how you deal with the team’s opinion. Are you able to collaborate with the team members to solve the issue? Do you trust your team mate and trust their opinions?

UX design is a highly collaborative process. So do not miss the opportunity to talk about successful collaboration in the past. This could be a group project or a team effort in a previous job. No matter the example you choose, remember to highlight the role you played in the group, how you helped the team in overcoming any challenges, what you learned from your teammates, and others.

UX designers have to collaborate with different teams within an organization, specially engineers, product managers, fellow designers, marketing teams, and more. For some, this is a perk, for others, a challenge.

During an interview, a hiring manager will want to understand if you can collaborate with others and if you’re a team player.

Expect to come across these important UI designer interview questions for freshers question in your next interviews. This is another question that will help you showcase your collaborative skills. Give a recent example of last job’s project you worked on that can help illustrate your skills.

The goal is to show that you’re OK signing off on a project and trusting that it’s safe in the developer’s hands.

All three are slightly difference from each other. 

Inline elements are displayed inline, which means that the start and end of the component will not occupy the entire line. 

For example- 

.block-example 
{ 
  background-color:green; 
  Padding:20px; 
} 
strong 
{ 
background-color:white; 
padding-left: 20px; 
padding-right: 20px; 
} 
span 
{ 
background-color:white; 
padding-left: 20px; 
padding-right: 20px; 
} 

Inline-block elements are like inline elements but can have specific width and height, which means an inline-block element occupies a specific size of space like a block element. 

For example- 

.nav 
{ 
  background-color:#F0B27A; 
  Padding:20px; 
list-style-type: none; 
text-align: center; 
} 
.nav li 
{ 
  display: inline-block; 
 font-size: 20px; 
  padding-left:20px; 
  padding-right:20px; 
} 

While, on the contrast, the block elements are displayed on their line and occupy the complete width available, which means if there are other elements present, they will be pushed to the following line. 

Examples of the Block are 

<div>, <p> tags. 
Let us consider an example here: 
.block-example 
{ 
  background-color:green; 
  Padding:20px; 
} 

Accessing a GET request URL parameter with PHP is a relatively simple task. For that, we need to first create a variable that will store the GET request data using PHP's $_GET global variable. 

For example- 

<?php 
echo 'Hello ' . htmlspecialchars($_GET["name"]) . '!'; 
?> 

We can implement various methods to improve the performance of a page, such as caching techniques. It is one of the simplest and most efficient ways for speeding up the page execution time. We can either create a page cache or store the frequently used data in a database that can be quickly accessed whenever a request comes in. 

Some other common ways are- 

• Choose a performance-optimized hosting solution. 
• Compress and optimize your images. 
• Reduce your redirects. 
• Cache your web pages. 
• Enable browser caching. 
• Use asynchronous and defer loading for your CSS and JavaScript files. 
• Minify CSS, JavaScript, and HTML. 
• Leverage a content delivery network (CDN). 
• Eliminate unnecessary plugins. 

Below are the new elements of html5.

Below is the difference- 

• Relative moves an element with respect to its current position. 
• Absolute moves an element with respect to its current position or the parent element’s position. Absolute elements don’t occupy space in DOM flow. 
• Static is the default position. 
• Fixed provides an element a fixed position relative to the device screen. None of these elements move during scrolling. 

A staple in UI Designer interview questions for experienced, be prepared to answer this one using your hands-on experience.

Hoisting is a mechanism when assigned variables and function declarations get moved or “hoisted” to the top of their scope even before the code is executed. It means, it does not matter where we declare the functions and variables, they get moved to the top of their range irrespective of their scope is local or global. 

For example- 

<!DOCTYPE html> 
<html> 
<body> 
<p id="demo"></p> 
<script> 
x = 5; // Assign 5 to x 
elem = document.getElementById("demo"); // Find an element 
elem.innerHTML = x;           // Display x in the element 
var x; // Declare x 
</script> 
</body> 
</html> 

Although both languages help in creating innovative web pages, HTML is a hypertext markup language, whereas XHTML is an extensible hypertext markup language. XHTML is XML based, while HTML is SGML based. XHTML is strict compared to HTML and doesn’t allow users to get away with any coding or structure lapses.

Below is the difference. 

• Local storage is referred to as data storage with no expiration date and offers the maximum storage limit. 
• Session storage holds the information associated with a session. Whenever the user closes the tab or browser, the data will also disappear. 
• Cookies are reserved mostly for server-side reading, storing data that is sent back to the server. The data size must be less than 4KB. 

Since it’s a front-end language, there is no need for a compiler for it. However, languages such as C, C++, and Java require a compiler to convert the code into a language that a machine can comprehend.

• Alert 
• Affix 
• Button 
• Carousel 
• Collapse, and more. 

The command includes () raises a warning if the code execution fails while requiring () raises a fatal error.

Semantic HTML refers to a style of coding, where the tags represent what the text has to present. Tags for bold or italic are not used as they call formatting and have no structure. The proper way to implement such tags is to use them along with emphasizing the structure. 

In HTML there are some semantic elements that can be used to define different parts of a web page: 

• <article> 
• <aside> 
• <details> 
• <figcaption> 
• <figure> 
• <footer> 
• <header> 
• <main> 
• <mark> 
• <nav> 
• <section> 
• <summary> 
• <time> 

HTML tags help define the way a web browser will display and format the content. They consist of various elements and tags, for content, opening tag, and ending tag. Some tags are unclosed like <hr>, which is used for the horizontal rule, and <br>, which is used for the break line. 

Web browsers use HTML tags to distinguish between HTML and simple content. HTML tags help in creating HTML documents and render their properties. Each tag comes with a different property that we can use as per the code requirement. 

Below is the syntax- 

<!DOCTYPE html> 
<html> 
<head> 
<title>Page Title</title> 
</head> 
<body> 
<h1>My First Heading</h1> 
<p>My first paragraph.</p> 
</body> 
</html> 

Below are the significant benefits of using CSS for an app page. 

• With CSS, we can use less code as we can use one CSS rule to all occurrences of a certain tag within an HTML document, resulting in fast page speed. 
• It helps in doing user-friendly formatting, making ages more interactive. It improves the user experience by allowing use to structure the content. 
• It helps us apply specific formatting rules and styles to multiple pages with one string of code. We can replicate one CSS across several website pages, resulting in faster development of the app. 
• It allows us to alter the format of a specific set of pages, it’s easy to do so with CSS. There’s no need to fix every individual page. Just edit the corresponding CSS stylesheet. 

The order of the events that happen on an element is known as event propagation. 

As soon as an event is triggered, the element bubbles up the DOM tree. This means that the child node will be called first and then the parent node. This is called event bubbling. 

While the event capturing is the opposite of event bubbling. Here, first, the parent node is called, and then the child node.

We can create an object in JavaScript: 

var example_object = 
{ 
    name: “objA”, 
    age: 20 
    height: 100 
}; 

HTML layout means how can we arrange the HTML page, there are several elements to define the various parts of a web page. 

• <header>: This defines the header for a section or document 
• <nav>: This defines a container for navigation links 
• <section>: This defines a section in a document 
• <article>: This defines a self-contained, independent article 
• <aside>: This defines stuff that is aside from the content, for example, a sidebar 
• <footer>: This defines the footer of a document 

Below is the difference between all- 

• Tags are used when we want to link to an image. We must specify the image in quotes using the source attribute, src in the opening tag <>. 
• An anchor tag is used when we want to link to a website, and <href> attribute is used to specify the website link. 
• The anchor tag has the text to be hyperlinked, and if you are linking to an email address, the <href> specification will be “mailto:abc@here.com”. 

Below are some important things to consider- 

• We must use the Unicode encoding to set the default language. 
• We must use the “lang” attribute. 
• Check the standard font sizes and text direction. 
• The particular language word length should be taken into account, as it may affect the layout. 

We have some services and have the same for URL shortening like bit.ly or TinyURL. These are very popular to generate shorter aliases for long URLs. we have to create a web service where if a user provides a long URL then the service will return a short URL and if the user gives a short URL then it returns the original long URL. 

For example, shortening the given URL through TinyURL: 

https://www.xyz.org/get-your-dream-job-with-amazon-sde-test-series/?ref=leftbar-rightbar 

We get the result given below:

https://tinyurl.com/y7vg2xjl 

To convert a long URL into a unique short URL we can use some hashing techniques like Base62 or MD5.  

Base62 Encoding: Base62 encoder allows us to use the combination of characters and numbers which contains A-Z, a-z, 0–9 total ( 26 + 26 + 10 = 62). So, for 7 characters short URL, we can serve 62^7 ~= 3500 billion URLs which is quite enough in comparison to base10 (base10 only contains numbers 0-9 so you will get only 10M combinations). If we use base62 making the assumption that the service is generating 1000 tiny URLs/sec then it will take 110 years to exhaust these 3500 billion combinations. We can generate a random number for the given long URL and convert it to base62 and use the hash as a short URL id. 

For example- 

def to_base_62(deci): 
    s = '012345689abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ' 
    hash_str = '' 
    while deci > 0: 
       hash_str= s[deci % 62] + hash_str 
       deci /= 62 
    return hash_str 
print to_base_62(999) 

MD5 Encoding: MD5 also gives base62 output but the MD5 hash gives a lengthy output which is more than 7 characters. MD5 hash generates 128-bit long output so out of 128 bits we will take 43 bits to generate a tiny URL of 7 characters. MD5 can create a lot of collisions. For two or many different long URL inputs we may get the same unique id for a short URL and that could cause data corruption. So, we need to perform some checks to ensure that this unique id doesn’t exist in the database already. 

jQuery is a lightweight, "write less, do more", JavaScript library. 

The purpose of jQuery is to make it much easier to use JavaScript on your website. 

jQuery takes a lot of common tasks that require many lines of JavaScript code to accomplish and wraps them into methods that you can call with a single line of code. 

jQuery also simplifies a lot of the complicated things from JavaScript, like AJAX calls and DOM manipulation. 

The jQuery library contains the following features: 

• HTML/DOM manipulation 
• CSS manipulation 
• HTML event methods 
• Effects and animations 
• AJAX 
• Utilities 

Below are the reasons to use jQuery. 

• Easy to understand 
• Easily Integrated with other IDE 
• Animation becomes easy 
• Faster 
• SEO-friendly 
• Compatible to all browsers. 

This is a tricky question because the answer depends on the context. We recommend using a real-life example to illustrate how you can validate or reject a hypothesis. Explain the interviewer your process. Make sure to clearly address the business goals and user needs and walk the interviewer through the following: 

• Who is the target audience? 
• What are the target audience’s goals? 
• What problems does those features to be included will solve for the target audience?

As you know, UX design differs from other fields of design as it is completely user-centric. You can tell the interviewer that you “always have your customer hat on,” that means, you review the product from users' perspective. But it would be impactful if you show how, you do it. It would be great if you create personas and learn their needs, and even quirks of the personas. Or maybe you do this through research.

By this question, the interviewer means- Have you done your research?

It’s always a good idea to go through the company you’re applying to. It will help you showcase your interest in this company and this role as opposed to any other UX designer job.

Invest your time to explore and know more about the company’s products. Browse their website. Use their app if they have one. Also make a list of what will work and what you can do to improve the existing design.

Explain your thoughts with some solid examples and come up with a sample plan of action. Make sure you mention the company’s target users and the type of research you might conduct when enhancing an existing design.